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The first academy, states the legend, extended over four millennia and was located far to the south of modern city of Madurai, a location later "swallowed up by the sea", states Shulman. The first has roots in the Hindu deity Shiva, his son Murugan, Kubera as well as 545 sages including the famed Rigvedic poet Agastya. According to David Shulman, a scholar of Tamil language and literature, the Tamil tradition believes that the Sangam literature arose in distant antiquity over three periods, each stretching over many millennia. Sangam literally means "gathering, meeting, fraternity, academy". It also includes Buddhism and Jainism epics. The Tamils, in all their 2,000 years of literary effort, wrote nothing better." Topics in Tamil literature These poems are not just the earliest evidence of the Tamil genius. In their values and stances, they represent a mature classical poetry: passion is balanced by courtesy, transparency by ironies and nuances of design, impersonality by vivid detail, austerity of line by richness of implication. Ramanujan, "In their antiquity and in their contemporaneity, there is not much else in any Indian literature equal to these quiet and dramatic Tamil poems.
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On their significance, Zvelebil quotes A. The bardic poetry of the Sangam era is largely about love ( akam) and war ( puram), with the exception of the shorter poems such as in paripaatal which is more religious and praise Vishnu, Shiva, Durga and Murugan. These poems vary between 3 and 782 lines long. Of these, 16 poets account for about 50% of the known Sangam literature, with Kapilar – the most prolific poet – alone contributing just little less than 10% of the entire corpus. This collection contains 2381 poems in Tamil composed by 473 poets, some 102 anonymous. 600 CE – is generally called the "post-Sangam" literature. The Tamil literature that followed the Sangam period – that is, after c. It comprises an Urtext of oldest surviving Tamil grammar (Tolkappiyam), the Ettuttokai anthology (the "Eight Collections"), the Pattuppattu anthology (the "Ten Songs"). The rediscovered Sangam classical collection is largely a bardic corpus. The Sangam literature had fallen into oblivion for much of the second millennium of the common era, but were preserved by and rediscovered in the monasteries of Hinduism, particularly those related to Shaivism near Kumbakonam, by the colonial era scholars in the late nineteenth century. According to Kamil Zvelebil – a Tamil literature and history scholar, the most acceptable range for the Sangam literature is 100 BCE to 250 CE, based on the linguistic, prosodic and quasi-historic allusions within the texts and the colophons. 300 BCE to 300 CE, while others variously place this early classical Tamil literature period a bit later and more narrowly but all before 300 CE.
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Most scholars suggest the historical Sangam literature era spanned from c. Scholars consider this Tamil tradition-based chronology as ahistorical and mythical. The Tamil tradition and legends link it to three literary gatherings around Madurai and Kapāṭapuram ( Pandyan capitals): the first over 4,440 years, the second over 3,700 years, and the third over 1,850 years before the start of the common era. The Sangam literature ( Tamil: சங்க இலக்கியம், caṅka ilakkiyam) historically known as 'the poetry of the noble ones' ( Tamil: சான்றோர் செய்யுள், Cāṉṟōr ceyyuḷ) connotes the ancient Tamil literature and is the earliest known literature of South India. Jaun also revisited the Baan river of Amroha where he used to stroll along with his friends as a child, and which can be seen flowing incessently in his poetry:Īlso, Jaun eagerly touched upon the tomb of his ancestor Amjad Shahuddin Shah Wilayat, which is near his house, and which is oft-mentioned in his poetry.The Ancient Tamil Siddhar Agastyar is traditionally believed to have chaired the first Tamil Sangam in Madurai The children who were born after Jaun had migrated to Pakistan, were recognized by him owning to their resemblance with their grandparents. He met all his friends, relatives, and elders, individually. When he returned at his long-parted home, he started crying uncontrollably at its sight. There, he passionately bowed at his homeland. When he first came to India in 1972, a gathering of relatives, friends, and his admirers was present at the small railway station in Amroha to welcome him. He had migrated to Pakistan at a very young age. Jaun Eliya adored his native land Amroha.